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ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
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Richa Ambastha
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UNIT - I
Introduction
Definition
Scope
Importance
Ecosystems
Introduction
Types
Characteristic features
Structure and Functions of Ecosystems - Forest, Greenland, Desert, Aquatic (lakes, rivers and estuaries)
Natural Resources
Land Resources
Land as a Resource
Common Property resources
Land Degradation
Soil erosion and Desertification and Effects of modern Agriculture
fertilizer - pesticide problems
Forest Resources
Use and Over- exploitation
Mining and Dams
their effects on forests and tribal people
Water Resources
Use and over Utilization of surface and groundwater
Floods and drought
Water Logging and Salinity
Dams - benefits and costs
Conflicts over Water
Energy Resources
Energy Needs
Renewable and non- Renewable energy sources
Use of alternate energy sources
UNIT - II
Biodiversity and its Conservation:
Value of biodiversity
Consumptive and Productive use
Social
Ethical
aesthetic and option values
Bio-geographical classification of india-india as a mega-diversity habitat
Threats to bio-diversity
Hot Spots
habitat Loss
Poaching of Wildlife
Loss of Species, seeds,etc.
Conservation of Bio- diversity - In-situ and Ex-situ conservation
Environmental Pollution
Causes
Effects and Measures of Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Soil pollution
Marine Pollution
Noise Pollution
Solid Waste management
composting and vermiculture
Urban and industrial wastes
recycling and re-use
UNIT - III
Sustainability
Theory and Practice
equitable use of resources for sustainable life styles
Rain water harvesting
cloud seeding and watershed management
Water Scarcity and ground water depletion
Controversies on major dams
Resettlement and rehabilitation of people
Problems and concerns
Nature of thermal Pollution and nuclear hazards
Global Warming
Acid Rain
Ozone Depletion
Green Revolution
Population growth and environment
Environmental Impact Assessment
UNIT - IV
Environmental Acts
Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) act
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) act
Environmental Protection act
Wild Life Protection act
Forest Conservation Act
International Conventions
Stockholm Conference 1972
Earth Summit 1992
Case Studies
Chipko Movement
Narmada Bachao Andolan
Silent Valley Project
Madhura Refinery and Taj Mahal
Chernobyl Disaster
Tehri Dam
Ralegaon Siddhi (Anne Hazare)
Florosis and Bhopal Tragedy
Field Work
Visit to a local area to document environmental assets - river / forest / grassland / hill / mountain
Study of local environment - common plants, insects, birds
Study of simple ecosystems - pond, river, hill, slopes etc.,
2
Visits to Industries , water treatment plants, effluent treatments plants
Computer Science
Bapatla Engineering College
Acharya Nagarjuna University
3rd
Engineering
Yearbook
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