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Environmental studies Science Course - 6
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1. OUR EARTH
1.1 Solar system
1.2 Day and Night
1.3 The Earth and the Seasons
1.4 Full moon and New Moon
1.5 The structure of the earth
1.6 Atmosphere
1.7 Oceans
1.8 Water
1.9 Soil
1.10 Conditions essential for life
2. MEASUREMENT
2.1 Need of standard units
2.2 S I Units
2.3 Conventions to be followed in writing the units in SI system
2.4 Multiples and submultiples of units
2.5 Measurement of length
2.6 Measurement of area
2.6.1 Area of regular surface
2.6.2 Area of a graph
2.6.3 Measurement of volume
2.7 Measurement of Volume
2.7.1 Volume of liquids
2.7.2 Measurement of volume of liquids
2.7.3 Measurement of volume of irregular solids
2.8 Measurement of Mass
2.9 Measurement of time
2.9.1 Sundial
2.9.2 Sand Clock
2.9.3 Water Clock
2.9.4 Pendulum clock
2.9.5 Simple Pendulum
3. Nature of Matter
3.1 Matter
3.2 States of matter
3.2.1 The shape and volumes of solids
3.2.2 The shape and volumes of liquids
3.2.3 The shape and volume of gases
3.3 Properties of Matter
3.3.1 Rigidity and flexibility of matter
3.3.2 Fluidity of matter
3.3.3 Solubility of matter
3.3.4 Change in volume of matter due to pressure
3.3.5 Change of state of matter
3.4 Diffusibility of Matter
3.5 Attraction towards a magnet
3.5.1 Artificial Magnets
3.6 Conductors of Heat
3.7 Conductors of Electricity
3.8 Transparency
4.Separation of substances
4.1 Pure substances and mixtures
4.2 Need for the seperation of mixtures
4.3 Methods of separating insoluble solid impurities from solid substances
4.3.1 Hand picking
4.3.2 Winnowing
4.3.3 Sieving
4.3.4 Sedimentation and Decantation
4.3.5 Magnetic speration
4.3.6 Filtration
4.3.7 Evaporation
4.3.8 Crystallisation
4.3.9 Sublimation
5. Changes around us
5.1 Slow and fast changes
5.2 Reversible and irreversible changes
5.3 Periodic and non - periodic changes
5.4 Desirable and undesirable changes
5.5 Physical and chemical changes
5.6 Characteristics of physical and chemical changes
5.6.1 Dissolution
5.6.2 Evaporation
5.6.3 Boiling
5.6.4 Condensation
5.6.5 Freezing
5.6.6 Melting
5.6.7 Sublimation
5.6.8 Rusting of Iron
5.6.9 Burning of fuel
5.6.10 Curdling of Milk
5.6.11 Fermentation
5.7 Changes involve energy
5.7.1 Exothermic changes
5.7.2 Endothermic changes
6. Force and Motion
6.1 Rest and Motion
6.2 Types of motion
6.3 Motion along a straight line
6.3.1 Distance and Displacement
6.3.2 Speed
6.3.3 Velocity
Uniform and non uniform motion
6.4 Force
6.4.1 Effects of force
6.4.2 Unit of force
6.4.3 Types of forces
6.5 Pressure
6.5.1 Pressure of liquids
6.5.2 Pressure of gases
6.5.3 Measuring pressure
6.5.4 Liquid pressure detector
6.5.5 Bourdon gauge
6.5.6 Barometer
7. Work and Energy
7.1 Work
Work and machine
7.3 Simple Machines
7.3.1 The lever
7.3.2 The inclined plane
7.3.3 The Screw
7.3.4 The wedge
7.3.5 The wheel and axle
7.3.6 Gears
7.3.7 The Pulley
7.4 Work and Energy
7.4.1 Energy
7.4.2 Different forms of energy
7.4.3 Energy Conversions
7.4.4 Technical applications
8. Characteristics Features of Life
8.1 Nutrition
8.1.1 Importance of Nutrients
8.1.2 Autotrophic nutrition
8.1.3 Heterotrophic nutrition
8.1.4 Basic components of food
8.2 Growth
8.2.1 Limited and unlimited growth
8.2.2 Factors affecting the growth
8.2.3 Different sizes of animals
8.3 Metabolism
8.3.1 Types of metabolism
8.3.2 Photosynthesis
8.3.3 Energy content of food
8.3.4 Bio-chemical nature of life activities
8.4 Stimulus and response
8.4.1 Types of stimuli
8.4.2 Responses of organisms in relation to the stimuli
8.4.3 Sense organs
8.5 Locomotion
8.5.1 Reasons for locomotion
8.5.2 Locomotion of unicellular organisms
8.5.3 Locomotion in higher animals
8.6 Reproduction
8.6.1 Significance of reproduction
8.6.2 Types of reproduction in plants
8.6.3 Reproduction in animals
8.6.4 Gestation Period of animals
8.6.5 Sexual dimorphism in animals
9. Bio - Diversity
9.1 Bio- diversity (different types of organisms)
9.1.1 Significance of various organisms
9.1.2 Viruses - introduction
9.1.3 Discovery of viruses
9.1.4 Structure of a virus
9.1.5 Virus - size and shape
9.1.6 Classification of viruses
9.1.7 Living and non-living characteristics of virus
9.1.8 Diseases caused by viruses
9.2 Classification of different organisms
9.2.1 Monera eg. Bacteria
9.2.2 Discovery of Bacteria
9.2.3 Structure of bacteria
9.2.4 classification of bacteria
9.2.5 Beneficial bacteria
9.3 Protista
9.3.1 Micro-algae
9.3.2 Pyrrophyta - Dianoflagellates
9.4 Fungi Ascomycetes
9.5 plantae
9.5.1 Bio-diversity among plants
9.5.2 Classification of plants
9.5.3 Macro- algae
9.5.4 Non-flowering plants
9.5.5 Vascular cryptogams
9.5.6 Gymnosperms
9.5.7 Angiosperms
9.6 Animalia
9.6.1 Porifera
9.6.2 Phylum : coelenterata
9.6.3 Phylum : Platyhelminthes
9.6.4 Phylum : Aschelminthes
9.6.5 Phylum : Annelida
9.6.6 Phylum : Arthropoda
9.6.7 Phylum : Mollusca
9.6.8 Phylum : Echinodermata
9.6.9 Phylum : Chordata
9.7 Anthropology
10.Structure and functions of the living organisms
10.1 Root system - structure and function
10.1.1 Two types of root systems
10.1.2 Tap root system
10.1.3 Fibrous root system
10.1.4 Functions of root
10.1.5 Root modifications
10.2 Shoot system and functions
10.2.1 Parts of the shoot system
10.2.2 characteristics of shoot system
10.2.3 Modification of stem
10.2.4 Parts of a flower and its functions
10.3 Leaf - Structure and functions
10.3.1 Internal structure of a leaf
10.3.2 Role of stomata
10.3.3 Transpiration
10.3.4 photosynthesis
10.3.5 Respiration
10.4 Organ system of man
10.4.1 Digestive system of man
10.4.2 Process of digestion
10.4.3 the changes that take place on food in the digestive system
10.4.4 The end Products of digestion
10.5 Circulatory system of man
10.6 Excretory system in man
10.6.1 Waste products
10.6.2 Excretory organs
11. Our Environment
11.1 Ecosystem
1
11.1.1 Abiotic factors
11.1.2 Biotic factors
11.1.3 Types of ecosystems
11.2 Aquatic organisms
11.2.1 Hydrophytes
11.2.2 Mesophytes
11.2.3 Xerophytes
11.2.4 Aquatic animals
11.2.5 Terrestrial animals
11.3 Role of plants in the environment
11.3.1 Purification of air during photosynthesis
11.3.2 Source of rainfall
11.3.3 'Rain water harvesting' in individual home
11.3.4 Conservation of soil fertility
11.3.5 Role of animals in the environment
11.3.5 Recycling by earthworm
11.4 Role of man in environment
12. Applied Biology
12.1 Uses of plants and animals
12.1.1 Rubber
12.1.2 Ornamental plants
12.1.3 Pollution by insects
12.1.4 Dispersal of seeds
12.1.5 Cattle rearing, Chicken rearing and Aquaculture
12.1.6 Prevention of cruelty to Animals
12.2 Medical Plants
12.2.1 Importance and uses of medicinal plants
12.2.2 Ginger
12.2.3 Babul tree - Karuvela Maram
12.2.4 Garlic
12.2.5 Madar
12.2.6 Nithiya Kalyani
12.3 Food plants
12.3.1 Root Tubers
12.3.2 Stem Tubers
12.3.3 Greens - leafy vegetables
12.3.4 Food from algae and fungi
12.4 Fibre yielding plants
12.4.1 Importance of fibres
12.4.2 Stem fibres
12.4.3 Leaf fibres
12.4.4 Surface fibres
12.5 Oil yielding plants
12.5.1 Plant fats
12.5.2 Easily evaporating oils
12.5.3 Slowly evaporating oils
12.5.4 Non-drying oils
12.5.5 Oil extraction
12.6 Pet animals
12.6.1 Dog and Cat
12.6.2 Rabbits and love birds
12.6.3 Aquarium
13.Health and Hygiene
13.1 Health - General features
13.1.1 Health Factors
13.2 Health related values
13.2.1 Care for others
13.3 Nutrition and the importance of food
13.3.1 Constituents of food
13.3.2 Balanced Diet
13.4 Personal Hygiene
13.4.1 Methods of taking care of oneself
13.5 Health and environment
13.5.1 Environmental factors affecting health
13.5.2 Control of contamination of food and water
13.5.3 Care of the environment and Control of pollution
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