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Electronic for Dummies
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Introduction
Part I: Understanding the Fundamentals of Electronics
Chapter 1: What Is Electronics and What Can It Do for You?
Chapter 2: Manipulating Electricity to Make Something Happen
Chapter 3: Meeting Up with Resistance
Chapter 4: Getting a Charge Out of Capacitors
Chapter 5: Curling Up with Coils and Crystals
Chapter 6: The Wide World of Semiconductors
Chapter 7: Cramming Components into Chips
Chapter 8: Rounding Out Your Parts List
Part II: Getting Your Hands Dirty
Chapter 9: Setting Up Shop and Staying Safe
Chapter 10: Sussing out Schematics
Chapter 11: Constructing Circuits
Chapter 12: Measuring and Analysing Circuits
Part III: Putting Theory into Practice
Chapter 13: Exploring Some Simple Circuits
Chapter 14: Great Projects You Can Build in 30 Minutes or Less
Part IV: The Part of Tens
Chapter 15: Ten Exciting Electronics Extras
Chapter 16: Ten Great Sources for Electronics Parts
Appendix: Internet Resources
Index
Table of Contents
Introduction
Why Buy This Book?
Why Electronics?
Foolish Assumptions
Safety Is Number 1
How This Book Is Organised
Part I: Understanding the Fundamentals of Electronics
Part II: Getting Your Hands Dirty
Part III: Putting Theory into Practice
Part IV: The Part of Tens
Icons Used in This Book .
Part I: Understanding the Fundamentals of Electronics
Chapter 1: What Is Electronics and What Can It Do for You?
Just What Is Electronics?
Understanding Electric Current
Getting a charge out of electrons
Moving electrons in conductors
Harnessing Electricity to Do Work
Where Electrical Energy Comes From
Tapping into electrical energy
Giving electrons a nudge
Using conductors to make the circuit
Oh, the Things Electrons Can Do!
Creating good vibrations
Seeing is believing
Sensing and alarming
Controlling motion
Solving problems (aka computing)
Communicating with each other
Chapter 2: Manipulating Electricity to Make Something Happen
Supplying Electrical Energy
Getting direct current from a battery
Using alternating current from the power station
Transforming light into electricity
Understanding Directions: Real Electron Flow versus Conventional Current Flow
Examining a Simple Light Bulb Circuit
Controlling Electrical Current with Basic Components
Ways to control current
Active versus passive components
Making Connections: Series and Parallel
Series connections
Parallel connections
Combination circuits
Creating Electronic Systems
Making sound appear out of thin air
Painting pictures with electrons
Chapter 3: Meeting Up with Resistance
Resisting the Flow of Current
Resistors: Passive Yet Powerful
Discovering the usefulness of resistors
Choosing a type: fixed or variable
Decoding fixed resistors
Dialling with potentiometers
Rating resistors according to power
Combining Resistors
Using resistors in series
Employing resistors in parallel
Combining series and parallel resistors
Obeying Ohm’s Law
Driving current through a resistance
Understanding a relationship that’s constantly proportional!
Working with one law, three equations .
Using Ohm’s Law to Analyse Circuits
Calculating current through a component
Working out voltage across a component
Determining an unknown resistance
What is Ohm’s Law Really Good For?
Analysing complex circuits
Designing and altering circuits
The Power of Joule’s Law
Using Joule’s Law to choose components
Going perfectly together: Joule and Ohm
Trying Your Hand at Circuits with Resistors
Chapter 4: Getting a Charge Out of Capacitors
Reservoirs for Electrical Energy
Charging and discharging
Opposing voltage change
Allowing alternating current
Shining a light on capacitors
Characterising Capacitors
Calculating the charge a capacitor can store
Reading capacitor values
Keeping an eye on the working voltage
Selecting dielectrics
Sizing up capacitor packaging
Connecting with polarity
Varying capacitance
Combining Capacitors
Capacitors in parallel
Capacitors in series
Understanding Capacitive Reactance
Using Ohm’s Law for capacitive reactance
Understanding that behaviour depends on frequency
So What Have Capacitors Ever Done for Us?
Storing electrical energy
Blocking DC current
Smoothing out voltage
Creating timers
Tuning in (or out) frequencies
Teaming Up with Resistors
Timing is everything
Calculating RC time constants
Creating a timer
Selecting Frequencies with Simple RC Filters
Looking at low-pass filters
Encountering high-pass filters
Cutting off frequencies at the knees
Filtering frequency bands
Trying Out Simple Capacitive Circuits
Chapter 5: Curling Up with Coils and Crystals
Working Both Ways: Magnetism and Electricity
Drawing the (flux) lines with magnets
Producing a magnetic field with electricity
Inducing current with a magnet
Introducing the Inductor: A Coil with a Magnetic Personality
Measuring inductance
Opposing current changes
Alternating current gets nowhere fast
Understanding Inductive Reactance
Using Ohm’s Law for inductive reactance
Discovering that behaviour depends on frequency (again!)
Using Inductors in Circuits
Insulating and shielding inductors
Reading inductance values
Combining shielded inductors
Filtering signals with inductors
Calculating the RL time constant
Now Introducing Impedance!
Tuning in to Radio Broadcasts
Resonating with RLC circuits
Ensuring crystal-clear resonance
Calling on the Coil Next Door: Transformers
Letting unshielded coils interact
Isolating circuits from a power source
Stepping up, stepping down voltages
Chapter 6: The Wide World of Semiconductors
Are We Conducting, or Aren’t We?
Doping semiconductors
Combining n-types and p-types to create components
Forming a Junction Diode
Biasing the diode .
Conducting current through a diode
Rating your diode
Discovering what’s in a name
Orientating yourself: Which way is up?
Using Diodes in Circuits
Rectifying AC
Regulating voltage with Zener diodes
Seeing the light with LEDs
Using diodes in other ways
Trillions of Transistors
Shrinking circuits
Examining the anatomy of a transistor
Operating a transistor
How Transistors Really Work
Emitting and collecting electrons
Gaining current
Saturating the transistor
Using a Model to Understand Transistors
Amplifying Signals with a Transistor
Turning it on
Turning it up
Turning it to your needs
Switching Signals with a Transistor
Choosing Transistors
Tackling transistor ratings
Identifying transistors
Recognising transistors
Integrating Components
Chapter 7: Cramming Components into Chips
Discovering Integrated Circuits
Linear, Digital or Both?
Making Decisions with Logic
Beginning with bits
Processing data with gates
Telling the truth
Understanding How to Use ICs
Identifying ICs with part numbers
Packaging is everything
Understanding IC pinouts
Relying on IC datasheets
Meeting Some Top Chips
Sounding out operational amplifiers
Playing with the IC time machine: the 555 timer
Counting on the 4017 decade counter
Expanding Your IC Horizons
Chapter 8: Rounding Out Your Parts List
Making Connections
Choosing wires wisely
Plugging in to connectors
Powering Up
Turning on the juice with batteries
Getting power from the sun
Working off your wall power (not recommended!)
Switching Electricity On and Off
Controlling the action of a switch
Making the right contacts
Using Your Sensors
Seeing the light
Capturing sound with microphones
Feeling the heat
Trying other energising input transducers
Sensing Something’s Going On
peaking of speakers
Sounding off with buzzers
Creating good vibrations with DC motors
Part II: Getting Your Hands Dirty
Chapter 9: Setting Up Shop and Staying Safe
Picking a Place to Practise Electronics
Creating a great lab
Choosing a workbench
Tooling Up
Shopping for soldering stuff
Measuring with a multimeter
Getting hands-on with hand tools
Collecting cloths and cleaners
Oiling the wheels
Sticking with it
Selecting other tools and supplies
Picking up Parts
Practising with solderless breadboards
Building a circuit-building starter kit
Adding up the extras
Organising all your parts
Protecting You and Your Electronics
Accepting that electricity can really hurt
Soldering safely
Avoiding static like the plague
Staying Safe: Safety Checklist
Chapter 10: Sussing out Schematics
Approaching Schematics
Seeing the Big Picture
Following connections
Following connections
Recognising Symbols of Power
Showing where the power is
Marking your ground
Labelling Circuit Components
Analogue electronic components
Digital logic and IC components
Odds and ends
Exploring a Schematic
Alternative Schematic Drawing Styles
Chapter 11: Constructing Circuits
Taking a Look at Solderless Breadboards
Exploring a solderless breadboard, inside and out
Sizing up the breadboards
Building Circuits on Solderless Breadboards
Preparing your parts and tools
Saving time with pre-stripped wires
Laying out your circuit
Avoiding damaged circuits
Soldering On
Preparing to solder
Soldering for success
Inspecting the joint
Desoldering when necessary
Cooling down after soldering
Ensuring safe soldering
Committing to a Permanent Circuit
Moving your circuit to a solder breadboard
Prototyping with strip boards
Wrapping with wires
Making a custom circuit board
Chapter 12: Measuring and Analysing Circuits
Multitasking with a Multimeter
It’s a voltmeter!
Now, it’s an ammeter!
Ohm my! It’s an ohmmeter, too!
Meeting Your First Multimeter
Unpacking your digital multimeter
Homing in on the range
Setting Up Your Multimeter
Operating Your Multimeter
Measuring voltage
Measuring current
Measuring resistance
Running other multimeter tests
Using a Multimeter to Check Your Circuits
Introducing Logic Probes and Oscilloscopes
Probing the depths of logic
Scoping out signals with an oscilloscope
Part III: Putting Theory into Practice
Chapter 13: Exploring Some Simple Circuits
Getting Equipped
Seeing Is Believing: Ohm’s Law Really Works!
Analysing a series circuit
Dividing up voltage
Parallel parking resistors
Charging and Discharging a Capacitor
Watching your charges go up and down
Varying the RC time constant
Dropping Voltages across Diodes
Turning on an LED
Clipping voltages
Gaining Experience with Transistors
Amplifying current
Measuring tiny currents
Creating light at your fingertip
Using Your Logic
Seeing the light with a logic gate
Turning three NAND gates into an OR gate
Chapter 14: Great Projects You Can Build in 30 Minutes or Less
What to Get and Where to Get It
Building Brilliant, Blinking, Bright Lights
Following the 555 fast flasher
Gathering parts for the LED flasher
Putting the Squeeze on with Piezoelectricity
Experimenting with piezoelectricity
Getting the parts for the piezoelectric circuit
Assembling the Amazing See-in-the-Dark Infrared Detector
Searching for infrared light
Tracking down parts for the infrared detector
Keeping People Away with a Siren!
Making your siren sound
Sorting the siren parts list
Lighting the Way with an Electronic Compass
Checking under the compass bonnet
Locating your electronic compass parts
Alarming Way to Sense the Light
Making your alarm work for you
Assembling a light alarm parts list
’Lil but Loud Amp
Making Music with a Melody Maker
Building the Pocket Water Tester
Understanding how the water tester works
Gathering water tester parts
Generating Cool Lighting Effects
Arranging the LEDs
Chasing down the parts
Making an Electronic Die
Part IV: The Part of Tens
Chapter 15: Ten Exciting Electronics Extras
Trying Out Ready-Made Electronics Kits
Varying Your Voltage
Counting Up Those Megahertz
Generating All Kinds of Signals
Sweeping Frequencies Up and Down
Taking the Pulse
Analysing Your Logic
Simulating with Software
Buying Testing Tool Deals
Boxing Your Tricks – With Knobs On
Chapter 16: Ten Great Sources for Electronics Parts
Buying British: Suppliers within the UK
Maplin
RS Components
Farnell
RSH Electronics
Bitsbox
ESR Electronic Components
Ordering from across the Pond
Digikey
All Electronics
B.G. Micro
Mouser Electronics
Appendix: Internet Resources
Finding Guides and Advice
Working Things Out with Calculators
Surfing for Circuits
Asking Questions in Discussion Forums
Getting Things Surplus
Index
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